CITRIC ACID :- It is highly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, and slightly soluble in ether. Citric acid has three carboxyl groups and, therefore, is a good buffer for pH control.

POLY ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE :- an acidic solution made of the elements aluminum, chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen. Clear to slightly yellow in color it is also referred to as PAC.

POLYELECTROLYTE :- Polyelectrolyte are macromolecular materials, which have multiple ionizable functional groups having different molecular weight and chemical compositions